Module 3

Carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) emissions that a person or entity (e.g. building, corporation, country) produces. There are several carbon footprint calculators available online.

Cash crops are farming crops which are grown to sell for profit.

Circular economy is a model of production and consumption, which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling existing materials and products as long as possible. This extends the life cycle of products and can reduce waste to a minimum.

Cover crops are different crops like grass, small grain, or legumes that farmers plant in the time periods between growing their cash crops.

Hügelkultur (mound bed) is a German term meaning a hill-shaped bed or mound cultivation, which is constructed using layers of materials, which may include wood, garden debris, and soil.

Remote sensing is based on the electromagnetic energy from the Sun which is emitted to the Earth. When the energy hits the plants, it may be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted. The relationship between these 3 actions determines the spectral signature of the plants and helps to identify if the plants are healthy.

Unmanned drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) combine information and communication technologies, robots, artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things (IOT). They have expanded across all areas of agriculture, including pesticide and fertiliser spraying, seed sowing, growth assessment and mapping.